Euganei: The Primordial People

Camunian woman

As covered on here many times before, the Proto-European people predate the incoming Teutons and Mediterraneans by tens of thousands of years. They are the essential "Europeans." The Italian peninsula very much fit into this paradigm, with the Euganei branch of the Proto-Europeans (aka "Alpine race). Today, the Welsh, Basques, Camunians, Valtellinese, Orobiese, Ladins, Romansh, and people from other historically isolated locales in the Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, etc., are often stubborn throwbacks to a time long past. Some of this is simply genetic, or due to the isolation, but often with more of a proclivity to hold onto old traditions.

The incoming Teutons and Mediterraneans of thousands of years ago probably came into contact with many of these primordial people who were eager to join with them, while some were ether not so enthusiastic about them or were simply more isolated... usually in mountainous regions. There is no evidence that I know of that suggests any conflict between them, but only later were there attempts to bring the "holdouts" to heel; for example, the Roman conquest of the Alps.

These images were from Davide Mazzocchi's DeviantArt site. The woman's name is Teresa.

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Yule and Saturnalia

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Yule and Saturnalia (with graaaaaagh, Survive the Jive and Jarnefr Waggener)

Millennial Woes

Three modern Pagans educate me on the festivals that lit up Europe every December before Christianity. This recording was a difficult one to arrange and produce, so I hope it is not completely over-shadowed by the hangouts.

graaaaaagh:
http://www.graaaaaagh.com

Survive the Jive:
https://www.youtube.com/user/ThomasRowsell/
http://fromrunestoruins.vhx.tv/

Jarnefr:
http://www.jack-donovan.com/axis/2014/06/a-time-for-wolves/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtfBLJv_024

[This video is not intended to condone violence or hate.]

[This project is my livelihood. Please see http://www.millennialwoes.com/donate. Thank you.]

ALTERNATIVE CHANNELS:
http://www.vid.me/millennialwoes
https://www.bitchute.com/channel/millennialwoes/
https://www.minds.com/millennialwoes

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Do modern south Germans have Etruscan admixture?

Canadian actress Ingrid Haas

There have been many theories and DNA studies regarding the ancient Etruscans, modern Tuscans, and their origins. The conclusions have, at times, been a bit incongruent and inconclusive. However, it seems to be certain that the ancient Etruscans were largely of ancient Anatolian/Mediterranean origin. Modern Turks are, in large part, of Turko-Mongolian origin... an admixture which occurred at least 2,000 years after the Anatolians migrated westward to modern day Tuscany. This was a part of a much larger and longer westward migration of ancient Mediterraneans.

Modern German speaking nations--those of ethnic German root stock--are a mixture of Proto-European with Teutonic. Arnold Swartznegger is a good example of a south German with probably a relatively equal amount of Teutonic and Proto-European genes. In the east Alpine regions where German, Italian, and Slavic speakers are in close proximity, the distinctions are less "ethnic," and more cultural. In other words, an Americans' concept of a stereotypical German or Italian wouldn't apply much there.


Ancient Rhaetian Alpine Nation

Surprisingly little is known about the Etruscans. We know that they had a great civilization which was chiefly defined by the region known today as Tuscany; and to a lesser extent also stretching down along the western coast of Campania, and northeastward into what is today southern Lombardy. As time has passed, anthropologists have slowly concluded that the Etruscans took to the eastern Alps. This may have been due to the increasing presence of the Celto-Gaulish people in some places. Battles between Etruscans and Gauls seems to have been very minimal; the Etruscans and Gauls may have naturally expanded to the paths of least resistance. Both the Etruscans and Cisalpine Gauls had, at different times, something of a loosely defined regional nation. The Rhaetian tribal federation, which existed after the Romans defeated the Etruscans, were likely of largely Proto-European and Cisalpine/Transalpine Celts. The Etruscan presence also could well have occurred as a result of them taking refuge from the Romans, and heading into the eastern Alps.

The Raeti (spelling variants: Rhaeti, Rheti or Rhaetii; Ancient Greek: Ῥαιτοί, transcription Rhaitoí) were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture may have derived, at least in part, from the Etruscans.

Although not long ago it may have been quite a stretch to ask if there were Etruscans and/or Etruscan influence in places like Switzerland or Austria, I now pose the question. It's not all that important of a question, but more of a mild curiosity.

Veronese Italian

Tyrolian German

The Rhaetian nation likely existed in some form prior to the advance of both the Etruscans and Gauls, and had its more acknowledged era after the Romans had conquered most of the Italian peninsula. In addition, the presence of the incoming Teutons from the north also reinforced Rhaetian identity and impetus to defend themselves. There could have been newly arrived Celts in the west, Slavic tribes to the east, as well as westward migrating Avars from central Asia. Since the Rhaetians seem to have adopted, as least in part, the Etruscan language--as well as the Etruscan written language--this Etruscan influence may have been much larger than once thought. Perhaps they led by example through their technology, architecture, and written expression.

Getting back to the ancient westward migrating Mediterraneans, they seemed to have moved across southern Europe by land, sea, and traveled across the north African coast. This likely occurred after the melting of the last glacial movement, about 9,000 years ago. The ancient Berbers were probably a remnant population. They moved into Iberia and into what now is France and the British Isles.. and to some extent further northward. Ireland, a thousand years or so ago, had a remnant population according to written sources. The Scottish Picts were, in part, likely a remnant population.

Irish dancer Gillian Norris

Ingrid Haas... Etruscan ancestry?

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'Vikings' Nov 29 - #19 most popular program on television

Vikings: Who Will Rise? Teaser Trailer | Season 5 Premieres Nov. 29 | History

History

Check out this new tease in anticipation of the season five premiere of "Vikings." HISTORY’s hit drama series “Vikings” returns on Wednesday, November 29 at 9 PM ET/PT with a two-hour season five premiere. Season five begins with Ivar the Boneless asserting his leadership over the Great Heathen Army, while Lagertha reigns as Queen of Kattegat. Ivar’s murder of his brother Sigurd sets the stage for vicious battles to come as Ragnar’s sons plot their next moves after avenging their father’s death. Bjorn follows his destiny into the Mediterranean Sea and Floki who is suffering from the loss of his wife Helga, takes to the seas submitting himself to the will of the Gods. This season is full of startling alliances and unbelievable betrayals as the Vikings fight to rule the world. #Vikings

Subscribe for more HISTORY:
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HISTORY®, now reaching more than 98 million homes, is the leading destination for award-winning original series and specials that connect viewers with history in an informative, immersive, and entertaining manner across all platforms. The network’s all-original programming slate features a roster of hit series, epic miniseries, and scripted event programming. Visit us at HISTORY.com for more info.

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Vikings = Asatru and more

With the popularity of this historically accurate (mostly) program, comes an increased interest in the spiritual traditions--dare I say "religion"--of the Vikings. First, I believe that things should be put in proportion. The Vikings were indeed the last great European power which followed the old ways, their "native beliefs." Asatru, Odinism, Heathenism, or whatever name one wants to call it, was once widespread across at least half of northern Europe and elsewhere. In other words it's not a "Viking religion," or a Scandinavian-only tradition. There was an Asutrar story in Austria, Russia, Spain, etc. Academics sometimes refer to it as "Germanic neopaganism," which is accurate if "Germanic" is used in an international Teutonic context. It probably should be noted that Asatru is not glamorized in this series, despite the newfound fascination with the Vikings and their culture.

I think it would be fair to state that it originated with the ancient Teutons, and it's a primarily northern European tradition.... although there are some grey areas. For example, the British Iles, Gaul (France), nations east of Germany, and the Mediterranean nations were spiritually impacted by Asatru, but they weren't Asatrar by-and-large. In addition, there was a lot of crossover and conflation with other European spiritual traditions. Asatru was still making a dramatic impact after the others had largely been run into oblivion. Asatru, like anything else, can be gently merged with any area of one's life. "Native

belief" in general, usually makes a person a better woman or man. I'm not specifically "Asatru," but I understand the concept. There's most often at least some Asutru influence in any European earth-based tradition....

'Odin worship of the Lombards and Benevento': Part I

'Odin worship of the Lombards and Benevento': Part II

My hope is that the increased interest in Asatru will also translate to an increased interest in other European spiritual traditions, of which there's quite a few... including multiple for the same nation or region. For example, someone asked me online what the "native belief" of Ireland was. I responded that there was Druidism and Gaelic Polytheism which were both heavily connected to Irish history. Also, there were several forms of ancient witchcraft which existed there deep into the ancient world; as well as the impact of Asatru. That impact wouldn't be just from the Vikings, but from other sources. There were earlier Teutonic movements. Also, there has long been a cultural linkage between Ireland and Iceland. Of course, this is just one of many regional examples.

Think outside the box! Using the above example of multiple regional traditions, or for those who have multiple European heritages, one could decide to describe themselves as "Asatru with Gaelic influences" (or Druidic). I could describe myself as "Stregheria with Asatru influences" (or Etruscan, Gaulish, Roman, Druidic, Cernic, Aradianist, etc.). Everything doesn't absolutely have to be one-thing! Some Freemasons in the UK over the years, have considered themselves something unofficially as "Druidic Freemasons." I also believe that one should really only accept one primary path. Another phrase describing the beliefs of a native-believer is "radical traditionalism."

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ShadowFest 2017: All Hallow's Eve - Part 1

Solar Stones of the Goths - Gotland

Survive the Jive

The famous picture stones of Gotland are like Viking rune stones from Scandinavia, but they have pictures and fewer runes. The themes and images depicted on them developed over the Iron Age and into the Viking Age. Originally they seem to have pertained to some kind of Indo-European solar cult involving horses, but later stones have more familiar figures from Norse mythology.

Early stones could have served as grave monuments which may explain the solar iconography focusing on the eternal solar cycles. There are many images relating to death - including sleipnir, the sacrifice, battles and possibly valknutl. Cremation graves sometimes found at foot of stones.

I also explain that Gutasaga records Gotland as the homeland of the Goths and that the nation was founded by Tjelvar, servant of Thor, whose grave I visit. It is a stone ship setting.

This channel depends on your support:
Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/survivethejive
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Thanks to Gotland Museum, Visby.

Music:
Sun and Moon Dance - Hymne til Freyja
Wolcensmen - Sunne
Faunus Amadeus Loki - Strange Aeons

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Quote

"When cops break the law, there is no law." -- Author unknown

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Vintage Tuesday Weld

Child/young adult actress of the 50s and 60s

Tuesday Weld (Pinterest)

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Amazing: Leopard Rockets Up a Tree to Catch Owls

Smithsonian Channel

Thirty feet up in a tree, a group of owls are not expecting this four-legged predator to come calling. The lesson here: Never underestimate a leopard's speed and agility.

From: AFRICA'S PREDATOR ZONES:
Coliseum http://bit.ly/1NTxvMf

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Nena ‎- 99 Luftballons

TV80s

Music video by  Nena ‎performing 99 Luftballons  (P) 1983 CBS Schallplatten GmbH
For Entertainment Purpose Only.

See more 80s music videos at http://tv80s.com

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Food for thought videos

5 Incredible Reasons Why Humans May Not Have Come From Earth

ANTI-TRUMP Movement FAKE?: Company ‘Crowds On Demand’ Provides Clients With Fake Protesters

How Big is an Acre of Land?

THE DEEP STATE - 50 Year Old Recording Explains Why The World Is Going Crazy

Unbelievable Snake Eating Its Own Tail

The Problem With Abrahamic Faith

THEY SAID WHAT??? WHEN INTERVIEWED ABOUT LUCIFER AT COMIC CON 2017!

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North Korea is dark

GlobalSecurity.org

South Korea is bright, North Korea is dark. This amazing image is included in the standard US Department of Defense briefings on North Korea. It was mentioned in a news briefing on 23 December 2002 by Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, who stated that "If you look at a picture from the sky of the Korean Peninsula at night, South Korea is filled with lights and energy and vitality and a booming economy; North Korea is dark."

con't...

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Katarina Witt nude

The former German Olympic figure skater has a very muscular-feminine body for a figure skater, even back when she was competing. Ukrainian-French model/actress Olga Kurylenko has the more willowy-feminine body... just slightly too racy for this blog.

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Quote

"If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter." -- George Washington

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Roxette - It Must Have Been Love

Roxette

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Jim Marrs Secrets of the Holy Lance

Collin Danika

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Joe Roth - 40 years later

From FindAGrave biography:

In the spring of 1975, Joe Roth, a 19 year old transfer student from Grossmont College in San Diego, enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. Joe hoped to earn a degree, meet new people, and learn more about himself. In his two short years at Cal, Joe accomplished so much more.

Joe was a quiet, down to earth guy who was dedicated to his school work. He was a Physical Education major who would have blended in perfectly with the general student body if not for one major difference, the golden right arm attached to his body. His arrival on the Cal campus was not by coincidence. Joe was a quarterback recruited from Grossmont to play football. And play football he did!

On 22 Fall Saturday's during the 1975 and 1976 seasons, Joe crafted his quarterbacking skills, became a Heisman Trophy contender, and dazzled NFL scouts. Joe's on-field presence and leadership skills won over his teammates while his gentle demeanor and team-first attitude captured not only the hearts of Cal football fans but of an entire University campus. Joe was the face of the Cal football team and he elegantly represented the ideals of a student-athlete by excelling in both the classroom and on the field.

In January 1977, while preparing for the Hula Bowl, a post-season all-star game in Honolulu, HI, Joe revealed publicly for the first time that he was again suffering from cancer (melanoma). Unbeknownst to most of his friend, fans, teammates, and classmates, Joe had battled cancer once before. While no one really knows for sure when the cancer returned, it is believed Joe played the 1976 season knowing something was different.

Silently and unknowingly during the 1976 season, the gridiron became much more than a football field for Joe. The gridiron became Joe's classroom and on Saturdays Joe taught his teammates, classmates, friends, fan, and family members just what it meant to cherish life. Joe was determined to live his life without pity, excuses, blame, and special attention. His teammates later said that Joe showed everyone how to face adversity with faith, humility, and courage and how to never give up.

On February 19, 1977, just three months from his 22nd birthday, Joe lost his battle to cancer and we lost a friend, a son, a brother, a teammate, a classmate, a hero, a role-model, and an outstanding human being. And yet, while we lost, we also gained a clear example on how to embrace adversity, to live life to the fullest, and to never give up. Twenty five months after stepping onto the Berkeley campus Joe's journey was complete. He arrived as a student and ultimately left a teacher.

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This story would be just as powerful if Joe Roth had been a third stringer, but for all we know he could have ended up the greatest quarterback of all time.

Joe Roth (Wikipedia)

Don't Quit: The Joe Roth Story (2015 documentary)

Joe Roth #12 (memorial website)

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"Universal access to all knowledge" website

The old Christian Science reading room building in San Francisco was sold in 2009 to the Internet Archive. The stated goal of this non-profit organization is "universal access to all knowledge" though it's website, which apparently has archived over 400 billion texts and media. The organization chose the church based on its Greek Revival design, which resembles the logo of the Internet Archive. I ran into it just by accident as I was reading up on Christian Science just out've curiosity, and it led me to the archive. Just from a few searches, it's very substantial; and in some ways a better search than google.

Internet Archive website


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Cub Scouts

I was a Cub Scout when I was a kid. In hindsight I would have liked to have remained in it I think, eventually to a Boy Scout. Children and teens often don't have all that much choice; someone is always telling them what they ought to be doing. Often the push is into sports, as with myself. I had a friend whose father had all six children learn to play the piano, model, and partake in the theater department. I'm just wondering... who was it really for? For me it was the sports thing. I enjoyed competing, but wasn't much for fitting into a pack of random boys. I could have really lived without it, and did other things that interested me, such as scouting.

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Naked Eyes- Always Something There To Remind Me

80sMuzic

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Graham Hancock New Clues in Cave Art REVEAL OTHERWORLDLY INSIGHT

GROSS SLIME BAFF

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Walkabout (1970's)

FunFilm Mix

Classic Oz film about a sister and a brother left in the desert to fend for themselves ..

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I remember seeing the 1971 UK/Australian film 'Walkabout' on TV when I was a child, and it struck me as a powerful movie at that age. I remember having a crush on the 18 or 19 year old Jenny Agutter. I truly felt like it was a true fight for survival, and with the mysterious Aboriginal friend leading the way. The film quality and its cinematography really hold up today. This is the full movie, and that channel has many full movies; mostly forgotten TV films. Sometimes you can find a real gen in the mix.

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Quote

"The government was set to protect man from criminals--and the Constitution was written to protect man from the government." -- Ayn Rand

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Shania Twain - You're Still The One

ShaniaTwainVEVO

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Dracula's Daughter (1936)

Dracula's Daughter tells the story of Countess Marya Zaleska, the daughter of Count Dracula and herself a vampire. Following Dracula's death, she believes that by destroying his body she will be free of his influence and can live as a human. With the aid of her manservant, Sandor (Irving Pichel), she steals Dracula's body from Scotland Yard and ritualistically burns it, hoping to break her curse of vampirism. However, Sandor soon makes her realize that her thirst for blood has not been quenched and that all that is in her eyes is "Death."

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I saw this 1936 film a few days ago on American Movie Classics. It was pretty good; considered excellent for that time. There were no scenes of violence as it would not have been acceptable for a woman to be shown committing acts of violence, or even being too overtly evil acting, at that time. Still, the character's alluring yet vulnerable personality could keep the audience on edge.

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Sprite - "Red Lightning" above the storm clouds

Sprites are large-scale electrical discharges that occur high above thunderstorm clouds, or cumulonimbus, giving rise to a quite varied range of visual shapes flickering in the night sky. They are triggered by the discharges of positive lightning between an underlying thundercloud and the ground. Sprites appear as luminous reddish-orange flashes. They often occur in clusters above the troposphere at an altitude range of 50–90 km (31–56 mi).

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Family Ancestry and Veneration

The Slippery Spirit - July 17, 2017

The following topic could possibly illicit some horrible reactions. Given that everyone wants to be focused on issues of racism and cultural misappropriation these days, there may be an assumption that this entry is about race. To address that, I have to first note that this is my blog and I can write whatever I want, because until further notice, I do still have the freedom to express myself. You, the reader, also have the freedom to navigate away from my words and not read them. Secondly, let me note that this blog entry is not about race at all, it is about families and their cultures. If you can't separate the two in your head, you need to stop reading now and go away.

The honoring of our past relatives is extremely important. Without diving into an extremely long blog entry on why it's important, just follow me down this thought path. Wouldn't you rather your descendants remember and honor you, instead of completely forgetting you? If you aren't going to leave a significant mark on this world through an invention or some major discovery, don't you at least want the mark you leave (your progeny) to recognize your contribution to their existence? And if the previous is true for you, why wouldn't you want to provide the same recognition to those who were responsible for your existence so that they are not forgotten? You exist because of them. To me, that alone makes them worthy of honor.

con't...

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Elizabeth Gale

Last week I was watching an episode of 'Scientology and the Aftermath' with ex-Scientologist Leah Rimini. The episode, which was entitled 'The Perfect Scientology Family' (see above), was about a family in which there was a Scientology-related suicide some years ago. His name was Phillip Gale, a computer/software prodigy who may have gone onto some big things. They interviewed his sister, Elizabeth Gayle, an Oregon woman in her early 30s. At first I ignored her ample beauty, as it was entirely besides the point of her story. By the end of the interview however, it was apparent to me that she was incredibly beautiful; perhaps more so than any Hollywood actress that I can think of! She seemed so on the inside as well, and was really just like any gal next door. She is a good singer, as one can see on one of her YouTube videos, and a mother. Perhaps "Gale" comes from "Gael," as she looks like a Gaelic beauty.

Elizabeth Gale - YouTube

An overseas episide link in case the above one is removed

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Starbuck - Moonlight Feels Right

centuryrox

From 1976, reached #3 on the charts.

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Stephen E. Flowers - Restoring the Indo-European Religion; "SeekTheMystery.com"

Stephen E. Flowers - Restoring the Indo-European Religion: Zoroastrianism, Germanic Paganism...

Red Ice TV

Stephen E. Flowers - Restoring the Indo-European Religion: Zoroastrianism, Germanic Paganism, & Rune Magic - Hour 1 Stephen Edred Flowers, also known by the pen-name Edred Thorsson, is an American Runologist and proponent of occultism, Germanic mysticism, Odinism, esoteric runosophy, Asatru, and Mazdaism. He is known for being instrumental in the early establishment of the Germanic Neopagan movement in North America and has been involved in Left-Hand Path organizations. Flowers has hundreds of published papers and over three dozen books, including “The Good Religion” and the forthcoming release, “Original Magic”. 

Flowers is currently director of the Woodharrow Institute of Germanic Studies and the owner and operator of Runa-Raven Press. Stephen begins by discussing his vision for rejuvenating the Indo-European way through a revival of well-founded Germanic traditions and the restoration of traditional areas of study that are being eliminated from academia. He explains the foundations of the Mazdan tradition and its ultimate goal of attaining happiness in the here and now, and he speaks to the importance of preserving the heroic myths that our ancestors would evoke to organize and motivate societies. 

We talk about the centuries-long, coercive Christianization process that eroded away the ancient organic values of Indo-European folk-groups and flipped the true position of humanity on its head with the idea of original sin. Stephen highlights his understanding of the connection between the formation of the Germanic religion and the Zoroastrian way, and he emphasizes how the absence of culturally conditioned images allowed different cultural spheres to develop according to a veneration for their own symbols, myths and rituals.

In the members’ segment, Flowers talks about ancient horse domestication and the profoundness of the great myth of the American frontier. Then, Stephen explains the history of the Germanic writing system called the Runes and the relationship between the theory of magic and the mystical study of runes. We discuss rune magic, the use of artistic, mythical components in conveying messages, and the function of rune stones in immortalizing the dead and instilling motivation for group survival. 

We also touch on the application of runes in self-transformation, which Stephen says can be used to facilitate communications between one’s conscious and unconscious mind and in activating the spirit. Additionally, Stephen gives recommendations for inspiring a sense of spirituality and purpose through self-exploration and bonding with other like-minded individuals in real life. At the end, we consider the Persian Empire’s role in spreading the Aryan traditions of community and rights for all living things.

Guest's Website: http://seekthemystery.com/

Listen to the second hour of this show and get full access to our archives: http://redicemembers.com

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While on the general subject of ancestry...

...the epitaph on the entrance of the cemetery in the movie 'Shutter Island':

"Remember us for we too have lived, loved and laughed."

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Temple of Artemis: The Sacred Temple of the Proto-European Tradition - Part 2

The forgotten Proto-European nations (Welsh, Basques, Euganeans, Maltese, etc.)

A map of European tribal nations from 9,000 years ago would have to take into account the inhabitable regions covered under permanent glaciers and somewhat less restrictive but permanent sheets of ice amid the mountain ranges separating northern and southern Europe. In other words a "small Europe," consisting of most of what is today southern Europe; as well as a much harsher but habitable "east-west trail" from the very southernmost England, down including most of France, over to Ukraine and perhaps beyond it a bit. The Alps would have been particularly harsh at that time, with the only route between southern and northern Europe likely having been by sea. All European would have been essentially the same sub-race, as they would have been prior to this glacial movement.

It should be noted that the Temple of Artemis is similar to Stonehenge, or to others such as the Ġgantija megalithic temple complex in Malta, in that it is both a symbol of the modern culture to which it belongs and to the wider very ancient Proto-European culture from which it is truly rooted. In other words, Stonehenge was not constructed specifically by the Druids; nor was the Temple of Artemis constructed specifically by the Olympian Greeks... but symbols of an earlier expression of their Proto-European ancestors. Margaret Murray was right! All one has to do is go back far enough! There was a widespread "Witch-Cult," and it easily predated the last glacial movement. There have been widespread artistic depictions of both a male Horned God (Cave of the Trois-Frères) and of a female Mother Goddess (Venus of Willendorf) going back tens of thousands of years.

The Proto-European Goddess as "The Triformis"

(durron597 - mythology.stackexchange.com - May 3, 2015)

I always thought that Artemis was the Goddess of the Moon (and Hunting, stags, etc.)... until I thought about how there's Helios/Apollo which caused me to learn about Selene. But further research revealed yet another Moon goddess - Hecate, who is associated with the moon, and is Selene's grandmother. Still further research revealed Phoebe, whose Wikipedia article is pretty sparse and is the grandmother of Selene.

Did the goddess who had domain of the moon change over time? Did they all sort of do it together?

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Don't forget Achelois. . . – HDE 226868I'm still confused, i have to search up hecate for a social studies project, and my friend is searching up selene, I'm trying to say my goddess is better than hers, but now other gods are coming into this project! I understand that gaia is the mother or grandmother of hecate but are hecate and selene sisters or something since they both have the power of the moon?This all here is probrally pretty confusing, but the again, we are talking about greek goddesses! – user954

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Actually the list of moon-goddesses goes on since, according to Selene's Theoi page:

Other Greek moon goddesses included Pasiphae, the Leukippides, Eileithyia, Hekate, Artemis, Bendis, and Hera (who sometimes doubled for Selene in the Endymion myth).

But let's focus first on the one you mentioned:Artemis. Her association with the moon seems relatively straight-forward: if Apollo is associated with the Sun, then his sister has to be associated with the moon.

Selene (= Mene or Luna). She is the proper Titan-goddess of the Moon, often even the personnification of the moon itself. See among many other sources, Apollonius Rhodius's Argonautica:

Rising from the distant east, the Lady Selene (Moon), Titanian goddess...

Phoibe/Phoebe. The Titan Phoibe doesn't actually seem to be associated with the moon, the confusion comes from Selene being often nicknamed Phoebe (i. e. 'bright'). Phoibe was apparently a prophetess Titan-goddess and as such is supposed to have held the Oracle of Delphi at some point. From the first line of Aeschylus's Eumenides:

THE PYTHIAN PRIESTESS
First, in this prayer, of all the gods I name
The prophet-mother Earth; and Themis next,
Second who sat-for so with truth is said-
On this her mother's shrine oracular.
Then by her grace, who unconstrained allowed,
There sat thereon another child of Earth-
Titanian Phoebe.

Hecate. Now Hecate is something else I think. The different sources we have tend to contradict each other on her parentage, descendance, attributions etc. leading some scholars to think that Hecate was in fact a goddess foreign to the Greek Pantheon that was only added later (and well integrated thanks to the place Hesiod gave her in the Theogony). See for instance what Sarah Johnston says about it in 'Restless Deads':

Let us go back further, to Hecate's place of origin. There is general agreement that this was Caria, in southwestern Asia Minor, which is supported by the fact that by the Hellenistic period her precinct in Lagina was the largest of all the precincts there (in constrast, in all of Greece, only Aegina seems to have had any significant sanctuary devoted wholly to Hecate).

Caria being in southwestern Anatolia. Similarly (from the list I mentioned earlier), Pasiphae seems to have been the cretan moon-goddess and Bendis the one from Thrace.

The specific reason why Hecate was associated with the moon seems a bit complex. Originally, in Caria, Hecate seems to have been a fairly generic mother Goddess. Even in Hesiod's Theogony she is presented as having dominion over basically everything:

For to this day, whenever any one of men on earth offers rich sacrifices and prays for favour according to custom, he calls upon Hecate. [...] For as many as were born of Earth and Ocean amongst all these she has her due portion. The son of Cronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea.

According to Sarah Johnston in 'Hekate Soteira: A Study of Hekate's Role in the Chaldean Oracles and Related Literature' (which I haven't been able to find and thus read so I might be misrepresenting her idea here), the association came relatively late (1st Century AD) from the fact that at some point Hecate was seen as a "liminal" goddess, an intermediary between two worlds (hence also probably the association between Hecate and witchcraft), which is a quality that was supposedly shared by the Moon.

So to summarize, the difference between Selene and Artemis is that one is the moon while the other is just associated with it, and on top of that one is a Titan while the other is an Olympian; Phoebe has nothing to do with the moon; and the others are foreign/regional goddesses integrated a posteriori into the Greek Pantheon.

... but I'm afraid I didn't find anything interesting on Achelois – plannapus

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Thanks! I've upvoted, but I'd like to see a little more discussion on what Hecate's relationship is with the moon in particular before I accept. – durron597

************Theia is the sister of Phoebe wich makes Phoebe Selene's aunt , Artemis's mother Leto is the daughter of Phoebe wich makes her Selene's cousin. Leto had a sister named Asteria who bore Hecate wich makes Hecate Artemis's cousin . Selene was believed to be the moon itself in ancient greeks , Artemis and Hecate juste came later to be associated with the moon, also Hecate's mother Asteria was also Selene's cousin . Hecate and Artemis where not associated with the moon for nothing cose they're mothers Leto and Asteria where closely related to Selene !.

pedro

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Can you please add some references or links? – kenorb

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Hecate, Artemis and Selene are one in the same. Artemis is known as the Goddess of the Triple Aspect because she has three identities. Artemis is the virgin goddess of the hunt (Earth form), Selene is goddess of the moon (sky form) and Hecate is the goddess of witchcraft and the underworld (cthonian/underworld form). We can see this in depictions of Artemis wearing the "horns of the moon" on her crown, or images of Hecate as a three-faced goddess. It is possible that at some point they were separate deities and their stories became confused by later Greeks and Romans but our current understanding is of the three as different aspects of one.

Source: Classics 430 class at University

Josie

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"Our current understanding is of the three as different aspects of one." I'm going to need to see a source for that statement, because as far as I am aware that statement is incorrect. – Hamlet

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According to Theoi.com (theoi.com/Olympios/ArtemisGoddess.html#Selene) the Artemis-Selene-Hecate triad comes from Roman-period poetry, not from Greek myth. – solsdottir

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I was taught the same. – tox123

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